Effect of Inherent Fabric on Cyclic Resistance of Granular Materials with Static Shear: A 3D-DEM Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kα parameter is a widely used factor that simplifies the interpretation of the influence of static shear stress on cyclic resistance of granular materials. However, it is still unclear whether the inherent fabric resulting from sample preparation protocols affects the Kα parameter. In this study, we use 3D-DEM to construct samples with polydisperse spherical particles with the same density and initial stress conditions, but different inherent fabrics characterized by coordination number and contact-normal fabric anisotropy. We conduct constant-volume cyclic simple shear tests on these samples and determine their cyclic resistance. Our simulation results indicate that inherent fabric does, quantitatively but not qualitatively, alter the Kα effect. Our results also show that inherent fabric influences the evolution of macro- and micro-parameters, such as mean stress drop, coordination number, fabric anisotropy, and coaxiality of principal directions of fabric and stress for different samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".