Amphoteric Chelating Ultrasmall Colloids for FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Nanodomains Enable Efficient Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are the next promising display technologies because of their high color purity and wide color gamut, while two classical emitter forms, i.e., polycrystalline domains and quantum dots, are encountering bottlenecks. Weak carrier confinement of large polycrystalline domains leads to inadequate radiative recombination, and surface ligands on quantum dots are the main annihilation sites for injected carriers. Here, pinpointing these issues, we screened out an amphoteric agent, namely, 2-(2-aminobenzoyl)benzoic acid (2-BA), to precisely control the in situ growth of FAPbI 3 (FA: formamidine) nanodomains with enhanced space confinement, preferred crystal orientation, and passivated trap states on the transport-layer substrate. The amphoteric 2-BA performs bidentate chelating functions on the formation of ultrasmall perovskite colloids (<1 nm) in the precursor, resulting in a smoother FAPbI 3 emitting layer. Based on monodispersed and homogeneous nanodomain films, a near-infrared PeLED device with a champion efficiency of >22% plus enhanced T 80 operational stability was achieved. The proposed perovskite nanodomain film tends to be a mainstream emitter toward the performance breakthrough of PeLED devices covering visible wavelengths beyond infrared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".