Impacts of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep on depression symptoms in Canadian older adults 65 years of age and above: a compositional data analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep (collectively known as 'movement behaviours') are compositional, co-dependent variables. However, most studies examining effects of these behaviours on depression outcomes in older adults do not account for this. Study objectives were to use compositional data analysis methods to (1) examine the relationship between movement behaviour composition (daily time spent in MVPA, LIPA, SB, sleep) and depression symptoms, (2) estimate the extent to which changing time spent in any given movement behaviour within the movement behaviour composition was associated with changes in depression symptoms. METHODS: 5643 older Canadian adults ≥ 65 years of age from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were studied using a quasi-longitudinal study design. Exposure was baseline daily movement behaviours; time spent in MVPA, LIPA and SB were derived from self-reported Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly responses. Night-time sleep was self-reported separately. Outcome was depression symptoms at follow-up obtained using the ten item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Compositional data analysis was used to investigate associations between movement behaviours and depression symptoms. RESULTS: Movement behaviour composition was significantly associated with depression symptoms. Time spent in MVPA [exp(B) = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.99)] and sleep [exp(B) = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.97)] relative to the remaining movement behaviours were associated with lower depression symptoms scores. Relative time spent in SB was associated with higher depression symptoms scores [exp(B) = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.15)]. Time displacement estimates revealed that the greatest change in depression symptoms scores occurred when time spent in MVPA was decreased and replaced with LIPA, SB, sleep or combination of these behaviours (+ 0.22 to 0.26 points increase on depression symptoms scores for 30 min/day displacements). CONCLUSIONS: Daily movement behaviour composition was associated with depression symptoms in older Canadians. Replacing time in MVPA with equivalent time from any other behaviour was associated with increased depression symptoms. Preserving time spent in MVPA may play a key role in mitigating and improving mental health in this demographic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".