Unveiling the Mysteries: Acetonitrile's Dance with Weakly‐Solvating Electrolytes in Shaping Gas Evolution and Electrochemical Performance of Zinc‐ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aqueous Zn‐metal battery (AZMB) is a promising candidate for future large‐scale energy storage with commendable capacity, exceptional safety characteristics, and low cost. Acetonitrile (AN) has been widely used as an effective electrolyte constituent to improve AZMBs’ performance. However, its functioning mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we unveiled the critical roles of AN in AZMBs via comparative in situ electrochemical, gaseous, and morphological analyses. Despite its limited ability to solvate Zn ions, AN‐modulated Zn‐ion solvation sheath with increased anions and decreased water achieves a weakly‐solvating electrolyte. As a result, the Zn||Zn cell with AN addition exhibited 63 times longer cycle life than cell without AN and achieved a 4 Ah cm −2 accumulated capacity with no H 2 generation. In V 2 O 5 ||Zn cells, for the first time, AN suppressing CO 2 generation, elevating CO 2 ‐initiation voltage from 2→2.44 V (H 2 : 2.43→2.55 V) was discovered. AN‐impeded transit and Zn‐side deposition of dissolved vanadium ions, known as “crosstalk,” ameliorated inhomogeneous Zn deposition and dendritic Zn growth. At last, we demonstrated an AN‐enabled high‐areal‐capacity AZMB (3.3 mAh cm −2 ) using high‐mass‐loading V 2 O 5 cathode (26 mg cm −2 ). This study shed light on the strategy of constructing fast‐desolvation electrolytes and offered insights for future electrolyte accommodation for high‐voltage AZMB cathodes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".