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Record W4392613629 · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2025.101100

Tilt in Video Gaming: Development and Validation of the Video Gaming Tilt Scale (VGTS)

2025· preprint· en· W4392613629 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEuropean Review of Applied Psychology · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicEducational Games and Gamification
Canadian institutionsInstitut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTilt (camera)Scale (ratio)Computer scienceComputer graphics (images)GeographyCartographyMathematicsGeometry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Tilt refers to a decrease in playing abilities, due to sudden manifestations of negative emotions (anger or frustration) and engagement in more aggressive behaviour within game play. Tilt is commonly experienced by gamers. The purpose of this article is to assess the psychometric properties of the Video Gaming Tilt Scale (VGTS). A sample of 454 players (81.7% men) completed a set of questionnaires comprising the VGTS and questionnaires assessing internet gaming disorder, anger, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression. The total sample was randomly divided into two distinct samples of a similar size, Group A and Group B, to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors of equal weight and fitted the data from Group A well. The confirmatory factor analysis reported an excellent fit with the data for Group B. Internal reliability was good and the correlation between the two factors was moderate. The first factor, “Emotion dysregulation” describes the emotional dysregulation of tilt, particularly anger. The second factor, “cognitive dysregulation” measures cognitive dysregulation and its impact on decision-making and strategy judgement. This scale can contribute to a new area of research focusing on the role of emotion regulation in the trajectories of gamers and problem gamers. Le tilt fait référence à une diminution des capacités de jeu, due à des manifestations soudaines d’émotions négatives (colère ou frustration) et à l’adoption d’un comportement plus agressif dans le cadre du jeu. Le tilt est un phénomène courant chez les joueurs. L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer les propriétés psychométriques de l’échelle Video Gaming Tilt Scale (VGTS). Un échantillon de 454 joueurs (81,7 % d’hommes) a rempli une série de questionnaires comprenant l’échelle VGTS et des questionnaires évaluant le trouble du jeu sur Internet, la colère, l’impulsivité, l’anxiété et la dépression. L’échantillon total a été divisé au hasard en deux échantillons distincts de taille similaire, le groupe A et le groupe B, afin de réaliser des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires. L’analyse factorielle exploratoire a permis d’identifier deux facteurs de poids égal et qui s’ajuste aux données du groupe A. L’analyse factorielle confirmatoire a montré une excellente adéquation du modèle avec les données du groupe B. La consistance interne était bonne et la corrélation entre les deux facteurs était modérée. Le premier facteur, « Dysrégulation des émotions », décrit la dysrégulation émotionnelle du tilt, en particulier la colère. Le second facteur, « Dysrégulation cognitive », mesure la dysrégulation cognitive et son impact sur la prise de décision et le jugement stratégique. Cette échelle peut contribuer à un nouveau domaine de recherche axé sur le rôle de la régulation des émotions dans les trajectoires des joueurs et des joueurs à problèmes.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.877
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.039
GPT teacher head0.355
Teacher spread0.316 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it