The curse of imagery: Trait object and spatial imagery differentially relate to trauma and stress outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Imagery is integral to autobiographical memory (AM). Past work has highlighted that the benefits of high trait imagery on episodic AM include faster, more detailed, and more vivid retrieval. However, these advantages may come with drawbacks: following stressful/traumatic events, strong imagery could promote the intrusions characteristic of PTSD. We examined relationships between trait object imagery (e.g., form, size, shape), spatial imagery (e.g., spatial relations, locations), and PTSD symptoms using self-report measures with two independent samples: trauma-exposed adults (n = 936) and undergraduates (n = 493). Higher object imagery was associated with more PTSD symptoms in both samples. There was also evidence that higher spatial and schematic processing was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, although this effect was confined to men in one of the two samples. Different forms of imagery have different—or even opposing—relationships with episodic AM, which impacts trauma and stress outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".