Ultrafast 3D photoacoustic system development using a matrix array transducer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Real-time 3-D photoacoustic (PA) imaging plays a significant role in volumetric imaging applications, such as breast imaging where PA has demonstrated significant potential. Challenges in 3-D PA imaging include long data acquisition time and limited compatibility with commonly used data acquisition systems. This paper introduces a new real-time 3-D PA data acquisition system using a matrix array transducer. Furthermore, we present a 3-D Delay and Glow (DAG) method for source localization that extends upon recently developed 2-D DAG. The experimental results show the functionality of the 3-D PA system. The DAG outperformed the conventional delay and sum (DAS) where axial, lateral, and elevational resolutions, respectively, are 0.06±0.00, 0.25±0.15, and 0.24±0.18mm for DAG and 0.14±0.06, 3.87±0.30, and 2.81±0.62mm for DAS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".