Quantification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation on orthopedic implants using bioluminescence imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteria commonly found on orthopaedic implants, form treatment resistant biofilms that are difficult to manage. Creating new imaging modalities that allow us to understand biofilm development and accurately indicate the efficacy of treatments will greatly aid research in biofilm infection treatment methods. In this in vitro study, we determined the correlation between the number of MRSA CFUs and the radiance of MRSA aliquots with bioluminescent plasmids in the resolution volume of the Perkin Elmer’s IVIS Spectrum imaging system at specific imaging depths. We standardized MRSA bioluminescence curves for planktonic and biofilm-associated MRSA grown on titanium and stainless-steel orthopaedic hardware. The ability to relate measured radiance to the biofilm bioburden on a metal surface provides a critical tool for our ongoing pre-clinical studies identifying and treating biofilm-forming infections in contaminated high-energy fracture (rats) and contaminated osseointegration after amputation (rabbits).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".