Effect of Seated Cervical Spinal Manipulation on Autonomic Nervous System Activity as Measured by Heart Rate Variability and Plasma Norepinephrine Levels: A randomized Pre- and Poststudy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether seated cervical manipulation produced changes in autonomic nervous system activity, as measured by heart rate variability and plasma norepinephrine levels. METHODS: Ninety-five healthy young adults (ages 20-48 years) were recruited into a single-blinded physiological study, with 47 randomized to a seated cervical manipulation and 44 randomized to a sham procedure. Heart rate variability in the frequency domain, and plasma norepinephrine levels were measured prior to, immediately following, and 5 minutes following the intervention. RESULTS: Electrocardiograms were obtained from 39 subjects in the sham group and 43 subjects in the manipulation group. No statistically significant changes were found in measures of heart rate variability in the frequency domain in either the manipulation or sham groups. Blood samples were obtained from 22 subjects in the sham group and 27 subjects in the manipulation group. Plasma norepinephrine levels, as measured by spectrophotometry, declined in both groups from pre- to immediately postintervention, and they remained at decreased levels 5 minutes after the interventions. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in pre- or postintervention norepinephrine levels. CONCLUSIONS: Measures of heart rate variability and plasma norepinephrine levels did not show that seated cervical manipulation produced short-term changes in autonomic nervous system activity compared to a sham procedure in healthy young adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".