Polarimetric third-harmonic generation microscopy for histopathology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, multimodal two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy is used together with second-harmonic generation (SHG) to image gold standard hematoxylin and eosin histology slides. The nonlinear responses were investigated for hematoxylin and eosin stains. It is shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be visualized using THG image contrast. THG signal is typically associated with interfaces and nanostructures where abrupt changes in the refractive index takes place, e.g. at blood vessel walls as well as the dense nuclei. Polarimetric THG provides a new method for ultrastructural ECM visualization. The ability of THG microscopy to visualize simultaneously nuclei and ECM is exemplified by imaging clinical tissue samples. THG turned out to be an excellent counterstaining contrast to SHG that reveals ECM proteins, cells and cell nuclei, which can be utilized for studying interactions between cells and ECM. Multiphoton imaging can be applied for investigation of structural changes in connective tissue due to various diseases and is beneficial in observing ECM and cell nuclei in cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".