Perceived stress and occupation-based coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused considerable stress. Occupations may play an important role in decreasing stress; therefore, this study examined stress and occupation-based coping strategies used during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.Methods: Data were analyzed from a Canadian cross-sectional survey that included retrospective and current measures of stress, and an open-ended question regarding how participants coped during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Text responses were categorized using Skinner’s stress and coping framework, and the Do-Live-Well framework; and examined the association between activating the body, mind, and senses-type occupations and stress, controlling for pre-pandemic stress and other potential confounders.Results: The 1,473 participants were primarily women (74.7%). All participants identified at least one occupation-based strategy that was categorized as ‘distraction’ in Skinner’s framework. When further classified using the Do-Live-Well framework, most occupation-based strategies related to activating the body, mind, and senses (64.3%). Bivariate/correlational analyses demonstrated relationships between stress and pre-pandemic stress (τ=0.65); annual income less than 30,000 CAD (τ=0.10); being employed (τ=0.11); postsecondary education (τ=0.09); and having a minor child at home (τ=0.11). No association was found when the relationship between stress and activating the body, mind, and senses was tested in a multivariate model containing these potential confounders. The most robust model contained only pre-pandemic stress.Conclusion: Occupation-based strategies were frequently used for coping during the first wave of the pandemic. Further examination of the effectiveness of these strategies, using appropriate frameworks and methods, is warranted.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it