Hypoalbuminemia and Risk of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hypoalbuminemia, as defined by serum albumin (SA) levels 35 g/L, is associated to venous and arterial thrombosis in general population and in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.It is unknown if SA 35 g/L is also associated to portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhosis.METHODS: Cirrhotic patients enrolled in the Portal vein thrombosis Relevance On Liver cirrhosis: Italian Venous thrombotic Events Registry (PRO-LIVER) study (n ¼ 753), were followed-up for 2 years to assess the risk of PVT, that was diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography.Child-Pugh classes, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma and laboratory variables including SA, Ddimer, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured at baseline.RESULTS: SA 35 g/L was detected in 52% of patients.A logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that higher Child-Pugh class, hepatocellular carcinoma and thrombocytopenia were significantly associated to SA 35 g/L.In a subgroup of patients where data regarding hs-CRP and D-dimer were available, SA 35 g/L was inversely associated with hs-CRP and D-dimer.During the follow-up, a total of 61 patients experienced PVT.A Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed SA 35 g/L was associated to increased risk of PVT compared to SA >35 g/L (P ¼ .005).A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that male sex, lower platelet count, and SA 35 g/L remained associated to PVT after adjusting for confounding factors.CONCLUSION: Cirrhotic patients with SA 35 g/L are at higher risk of experiencing PVT compared to those with SA >35 g/L and could be considered as potential candidates to anticoagulant prophylaxis for PVT prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".