Aeroelastic characteristics of flexible membrane wings with ceiling effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a numerical study to analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of two-dimensional flexible membrane wings subjected to the ceiling effect. A body-fitted variational aeroelastic solver based on the fully coupled Navier–Stokes and nonlinear structural equations is employed to model the coupled fluid-membrane system. The coupled dynamics and the aerodynamic performance of flexible membrane wings with ceiling effect are investigated in a parameter space of angle of attack and ceiling distance. The effect of ceiling distance on the aeroelastic characteristics is examined at pre-stall, near-stall, and stall conditions. The role of flexibility in the coupled system under near-ceiling conditions is investigated by comparing with its rigid flat and cambered counterparts. The effect of no-slip and perfect slip boundary conditions of the ceiling wall is compared to quantify the momentum transport influenced by the ceiling effect. The connection between the aerodynamic loads and the membrane deformation is constructed by two scaling relations presented in our previous studies. The results indicate that the aeroelastic characteristics of the flexible membrane wings under near-ceiling conditions are adjusted from three aspects, namely, (i) the gap to the ceiling, (ii) the wing flexibility, and (iii) the ceiling boundary condition. This study represents a step toward an improved understanding of the aeroelastic characteristics of flexible membrane wings under ceiling conditions with different boundary layer flows. These findings can facilitate the development of high-efficiency bio-inspired micro-air vehicles that have robust flight stability and can perform missions in confined spaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".