Bibliographic record
Abstract
Every country is different and there are certain characteristics that make it particular with respect to others. At the same time, all share similar issues and problems, some of which are of particular relevance for the specific country. This chapter examines four topics that make Mexico “unique”. They are issues that are particular to Mexico and that, in spite of being present in other nations, are of particular relevance in Mexico’s twenty-first century. Those issues are (1) the proximity of the United States; (2) the war on drugs and organized crime; (3) corruption; and (4) the disenchantment with politics. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of Mexico’s place in the world. MEXICO’S NEIGHBOUR Mexico and the USA are two countries so closely linked to each other that it is almost mandatory to talk about both. Being geographical neighbours, Mexico and the US have had a very close relationship since the birth of both nations. Like all neighbouring countries, they have had their differences and some military confrontations. However, both have come to form, along with Canada, the world’s most important economic area in modern times. In 1848, the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo to end the war between the two nations and begin a new peaceful relationship. The peace treaty would benefit both sides of the Rio Grande. The American dream became part of Mexican and Latin American societies. Life on the border generated new cultures, but not everything has been easy. This section will show how the historical relationship between both nations has developed since1848 to the present, and the economic and political implications for Mexico. The current border between the United States and Mexico is approximately 3,185 km long, but this was not always the case. In 1848, with the dissolution of the war and the signing of the treaty, Mexico granted more than half of its territory to the United States and would have no claim on Texas. In return, it would receive $15 million for damage to Mexican territory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".