One-step Non-uniform Photolithography System for Three-dimensional Conically Shaped Microwell Fabrication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conical microwells are utilized in a wide range of biological applications such as cell spheroid formation, drug screening, cancer diagnostics, and three-dimensional oncology models. The shape of a microwell is an important parameter that defines its applicability. Currently, there exists no facile fabrication method for the creation of such conically shaped microwells. In this study, we develop a new platform based on non-uniform photopolymerization that effectively facilitates the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) polymer-based conical microwells on a glass substrate in a simple 2D microfluidic channel. We also numerically investigate the parabolic curvature formation of microwells using non-uniform photolithography (NUPL) via incorporation of spatiotemporal free-radical diffusion into the modeling of photopolymerization to gain insights into its key mechanisms. We also perform numerical simulations to model the 3D-shape tuning ability of NUPL for the microwell synthesis through a variation of UV light intensity induced by the presence of opaque materials. The result of this study leads to characterize the morphological microwell shape change experimentally through a variation of UV light intensity and fluid opacity. Simply by manipulating the non-uniformity of the incident UV light, we are able to fabricate 3D V-shaped microwells with various bottom shape features. Notably, our method allows one to optimize and design polymeric microwells with shape features tuned to their application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".