Enhanced Average-Value Modeling of Voltage-Source Inverters in Variable Frequency Drives for Efficient Simulation of Marine Propulsion Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variable-frequency drive (VFD) systems utilize voltage-source inverters (VSIs) and are employed extensively in many applications, including marine propulsion. For efficient simulations and studies of such systems, average-value models (AVMs) of VSIs are indispensable. Recently, a so-called directly-interfaced AVM (DI-AVM) has been developed for line-commutated and voltage-source converters. In this paper, the DIAVM is developed for VSIs in the converter reference frame, which has advantages for machine-converter systems. The DI-AVM is implemented in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation programs as a resistance/conductance matrix instead of controlled voltage/current sources that are used conventionally. The advantages of the proposed DI-AVM are demonstrated on a ship propulsion system implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC. The proposed DI-AVM offers significant computational advantages compared to the conventional AVMs of VSIs by achieving higher numerical accuracy and allowing larger time step sizes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".