Time course changes in in vivo muscle mechanical function and Ca<sup>2+</sup> regulation of force following experimentally induced gradual ovarian failure in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The abrupt cessation of ovarian hormone release is associated with declines in muscle contractile function, yet the impact of gradual ovarian failure on muscle contractility across peri‐, early‐ and late‐stage menopause remains unclear. In this study, a 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)‐induced ovarian failure mouse model was used to examine time course changes in muscle mechanical function. Plantar flexors of female mice (VCD: n = 10; CON: n = 8) were assessed at 40 (early perimenopause), 80 (late perimenopause), 120 (menopause onset) and 176 (late menopause) days post‐initial VCD injection. A torque–frequency relationship was established across a range of frequencies (10–200 Hz). Isotonic dynamic contractions were elicited against relative loads (10–80% maximal isometric torque) to determine the torque–velocity–power relationship. Mice then performed a fatigue task using intermittent 100 Hz isometric contractions until torque dropped by 60%. Recovery of twitch, 10 Hz and 100 Hz torque were tracked for 10 min post‐task failure. Additionally, intact muscle fibres from the flexor digitorum brevis underwent a fatigue task (50 repetitions at 70 Hz), and 10 and 100 Hz tetanic [Ca 2+ ] were monitored for 10 min afterward. VCD mice exhibited 16% lower twitch torque than controls across all time points. Apart from twitch torque, 10 Hz torque and 10 Hz tetanic [Ca 2+ ], where VCD showed greater values relative to pre‐fatigue during recovery, no significant differences were observed between control and VCD mice during recovery. These results indicate that gradual ovarian failure has minimal detriments to in viv o muscle mechanical function, with minor alterations observed primarily for low‐frequency stimulation during recovery from fatigue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".