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Record W4393056068 · doi:10.1787/03b0b88f-en

Foreword

2024· book-chapter· en· W4393056068 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueOECD rural studies · 2024
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicRural development and sustainability
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMetropolitan areaGeographyGross domestic productPer capitaRural areaProductivityInequalitySocioeconomicsEconomic growthDemographic economicsEconomic geographyAgricultural economicsEconomicsPolitical scienceDemographyPopulationSociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

According to OECD definitions of rural regions, around one in five Canadians live in Canada’s rural regions, which accounts for 97.1% of total Canadian landmass and over a third (36.4%) of the OECD’s overall rural regional landmass. Like most countries, rural regions have lower aggregate gross domestic product (GDP) than urban areas but unlike many countries, those gaps are closing in Canada. The rural-urban income gap in 2020 was half the size it was in 2000 and, between 2010 and 2020, average annual labour productivity growth in rural areas (2.4%) outpaced urban areas (1.9%). Inequalities in high-technology innovation between rural and metropolitan regions are also relatively low compared to OECD countries. From 2016 to 2020, the difference in average patenting intensity, measured as the number of patents per capita, between rural remote regions and metropolitan regions was 0.08 in Canada, compared to an OECD average of 0.15.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.428
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.032
GPT teacher head0.247
Teacher spread0.215 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it