De « l’art de faire les pipes à fumer le tabac » dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les interventions archéologiques réalisées sur le site Henderson-Dixon à Montréal ont révélé tout un nouveau pan de l’histoire de l’industrie de la pipe de terre au Canada. Fondée en 1847 par William Henderson, un pipier écossais originaire de Glasgow, la manufacture Henderson devient rapidement la plus importante au pays, produisant dès 1870 plus de sept millions de pipes par année. En 1876, les fils du fondateur, qui ont repris l’entreprise, cèdent la fabrique à leur neveu, W. H. Dixon. Si les fouilles ont fourni l’occasion d’explorer les sources historiques de façon plus approfondie, c’est avant tout la richesse des assemblages de culture matérielle qui a permis de documenter la production de cette manufacture et de mieux saisir ses modes de fabrication. En effet, matières premières, ébauches et moule à pipe, matériaux d’enfournement et autres outils rappellent à leur manière l’art de faire les pipes à fumer, version canadienne. Certes, une expertise venue d’Écosse, mais aussi des influences d’ici et d’ailleurs à l’image de la diversité ethnique grandissante dont Montréal est témoin en cette seconde moitié du xix e siècle.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".