Early Cambrian hyoliths from the Brigus Formation of Avalonian Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Lower Cambrian (Placentian–Branchian Series) of Avalonian southeastern Newfoundland contains one of the most diverse and best-preserved assemblages of Early Cambrian hyoliths from the North American continent. Primary type, topotype and hypotype specimens from the Brigus Formation collected in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are herein emended or newly recognized as Nevadotheca excellens, Levinoconus florencei gen. et sp. nov., Brigoconus greavesi gen. et sp. nov., Poutinella crispenae gen. et sp. nov., Toutonella chaddockae gen. et sp. nov., and Holmitheca quadricostata. Other less complete material is assigned to Aimitus sp., Dorsolinevitus? sp., Grantitheca? sp., Tizilites spp. 1 and 2, Hyolithidan spp. 1–8, and Opercula A–E. Biogeographical connections of the Avalonian species to Baltica, Laurentia, East Gondwanan South Australia, and the Siberian Platform are reinforced. The temporal distribution for most of these taxa remains unchanged except for Tizilites and Dorsolinevitus, which were previously known only from either the top of Cambrian Stage 4 or the Lower–Middle Ordovician, respectively.John M. Malinky [jmalinky@sbcglobal.net], Department of Physical Science, San Diego City College, 1313 Park Boulevard, San Diego CA 92101 (retired), Gerd Geyer [gerd.geyer@uni-wuerzburg.de], Lehrstuhl für Geodynamik und Geomaterialforschung, Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".