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Record W4393066088 · doi:10.1080/09298215.2024.2329751

Similarity of structures in popular music

2023· article· en· W4393066088 on OpenAlex
Benoît Corsini

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of New Music Research · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicMusic and Audio Processing
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsInstitut des Sciences Mathématiques, Université du Québec à Montréal
KeywordsPopular musicSimilarity (geometry)Computer scienceArtificial intelligenceArtVisual arts

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The study of the similarity matrix of a song has been a particularly efficient technique to characterise song structures. This method transforms a song into a matrix representing the proximity between its different sections and is usually used to automatically detect structural properties such as its verse, its chorus, its tempo, etc. In this paper, these matrix representations are used not to study the inherent structure of a song, but to compare them with each other. This allows to create a metric on songs related to their pattern matrices, on which statistical tools can be applied. This metric is used to create groups of songs with similar structures and leads to interesting observations on patterns commonly used by certain artists, for certain years, and in certain genres. Moreover, this approach also unveils structures used across different features, such as songs from different decades and genres. Finally, this metric on songs is evaluated on classification tasks and shows that its interest lies in its ability to highlight specific behaviours rather than general trends.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.615
Threshold uncertainty score0.326

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.292
GPT teacher head0.427
Teacher spread0.135 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it