Exceptional Performance of Li-ion Battery Cells with Liquid Electrolyte at 100 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single crystal NMC640/artificial graphite cells balanced for low voltage operation (≤4.1 V) and using electrolyte salts rich in lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide are demonstrated to have exceptional lifetime during continuous operation at 100 °C. Cells tested to an upper cutoff voltage of 4.0 V retained >80% of their original capacity for 600 cycles and 4300 h at 100 °C and 1200 cycles and 1 year cycling to 3.9 V at 85 °C. The cells exhibited minimal gassing, no transition metal dissolution from the positive electrode, and no detectable corrosion of the aluminum current collector. Ultra-high precision coulometry measurements from 20 to 100 °C suggest an Arrhenius-type relationship for the coulombic inefficiency and capacity fade of these cells. The possibility of exploiting this relationship to project ambient temperature lifetime from high-temperature measurements is suggested. However, cell performance at the highest temperatures is most likely reduced by the permeation of electrolyte through the seals of the pouch cell.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".