The Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis in Juvenile Rats
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an inflammatory disease that can affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and lower jaw growth. Better treatment options are needed, so this study investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on TMJ arthritis. Seventy-two 3-week-old male Wistar rats were in vivo microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanned and divided into eight groups (n = 9). These groups were Group 1—TMJ arthritis and immediate LIPUS treatment (20 min/day, 4 weeks); Group 2—immediate LIPUS treatment and no TMJ arthritis; Group 3—TMJ arthritis and no LIPUS; Group 4—no TMJ arthritis and no LIPUS; Group 5—TMJ arthritis and LIPUS treatment with a delayed start by 4 weeks; Group 6—Delayed LIPUS and no TMJ arthritis; Group 7—TMJ arthritis and no (delayed) LIPUS; and Group 8—no TMJ arthritis and no (delayed) LIPUS. Ex vivo micro-CT scanning was completed, and samples were prepared for tissue analysis. Synovitis was observed in the TMJ arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis [CIA]) groups, but the severity appeared greater in the groups without LIPUS treatment. Fibrocartilage and hypertrophic cell layer thicknesses in the CIA group without LIPUS treatment were significantly greater (p < 0.05). Proteoglycan staining appeared greater in the LIPUS groups. Immediate LIPUS treatment increased the expression of type II collagen, type X collagen, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) immunostaining, and CIA (no LIPUS) increased MMP-13, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) immunostaining. LIPUS treatment prevented growth disturbances observed in the CIA groups (no LIPUS) (p < 0.005). Our results have contributed to the understanding of the uses and limitations of the CIA juvenile rat model and have demonstrated the effects of LIPUS on the TMJ and mandibular growth. This information will help in designing future studies for investigating LIPUS and TMJ arthritis, leading to the development of new treatment options for children with juvenile arthritis in their TMJs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it