Voyage rights in review: Indonesian tourism and aviation legislation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indonesia’s ratification of the Montreal Convention 1999 in 2016 and its implementation in national law has significantly affected the protection rights of Indonesian citizens globally and locally. This Convention ensures that Indonesian travelers are entitled to international benefits, provisions, and compensation for damages caused by airline services. Through an examination of Indonesian statutes, cases, and a comparative approach, the authors have concluded that there is a significant need to amend the Indonesian Aviation Act to solve the conflict of law that exists between the Montreal Convention of 1999 and Indonesian law. Specifically, this conflict exists with respect to the implementation of the Montreal Convention 1999 in Indonesian domestic law because of the superior hierarchy of the Convention over Indonesian law. While the Montreal Convention 1999 applies to all international carriage activities, the Indonesian Aviation Act covers domestic and international carriages only to and from Indonesia’s territory and to all Indonesian carriers outside Indonesia’s territory. This study discusses the legal consequences that impact Indonesian air travelers according to the differences between international conventions and domestic law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".