Application of selected groundwater quality indices in anthropogenically transformed areas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Correctly assessing the impact of waste landfills on groundwater quality requires the development and use of comprehensive tools that consider the content of individual components in water, as well as those relating to the hydrochemical background. The article presents a comparative analysis of selected water quality indices used around the world to assess the environmental threat caused by sources of pollution. The paper includes the following indicators: Water Quality Index, Landfill Water Pollution Index, Nemerow Pollution Index, Backman Index, Canadian Water Quality Index, Horizontal Ratio, Enrichment Factor and Fuzzy Water Quality. Attention was paid to the values of individual indices, their applicability in municipal and industrial waste landfills, and limitations in their use. A literature review has proven that some indices, such as the Landfill Water Pollution Index and Nemerow Pollution Index, are used very often as they provide reliable results. Index methods help conduct rational water management, complement groundwater quality monitoring, and serve as a tool for making decisions in various water protection areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".