Effects of H<sub>2</sub>O on Improving the Performance of a Solid Composite Electrolyte Fabricated via an Air-Processable Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inert atmosphere is normally necessary for fabrication of solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) as a crucial part of solid-state Li-metal batteries in order to avoid undesirable reactions induced by ambient moisture. Herein, we developed an air-processable technique to fabricate SCEs by employing LiCF 3 SO 3 (LiOTf) as the Li salt, which was combined with Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) as the fast Li-conductor and polyvinylidene difluoroethylene/polyvinyl acetate (PVDF/PVAC) as the polymer matrix. With the assistance of trace H 2 O dissolved in electrolyte solution, the room-temperature Li + conductivity of the obtained aSCE reached as high as 5.09 × 10 –4 S cm –1, which was over 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the one (iSCE, 1.93 × 10 –7 S cm –1 ) cast by the electrolyte solution prepared in an inert atmosphere. The theoretical calculation results reveal that the oxygen atom of H 2 O exhibits a high propensity to interact with the Li atom in LiOTf (Li···O), thereby establishing a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom (H···O) in N, N -dimethylformamide (solvent). Such interactions promoted the dissociation of LiOTf and led to the formation of uniform Li + transportation channels. Simultaneously, the composition distribution was also altered, resulting in a smoother surface of aSCE and lowered crystallinity of PVDF. On this basis, the LiOTf/LLZTO/PVDF/PVAC solution at 60 °C was directly coated onto the surface of the LiFePO 4 (LFP) cathode to fabricate the LFP-aSCE film after drying in an oven. The assembled LFP-aSCE/Li battery wetted by trace sulfolane exhibited an initial Coulombic efficiency of 94.7% and a capacity retention rate of up to 96% at 0.2 C (137 mAh g –1 ) after 180 cycles and a high capacity of 143.7 mAh g –1 at 0.5 C (150 cycles). Overall, this work could pave the way for the facile fabrication of solid electrolytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".