Sedimentary: Carbonate microfacies and mineralogy of the southern Benue Trough and eastern Dahomey basin, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents a detailed investigation into the microfacies, geochemistry, and depositional environments of carbonate rocks from the southern Benue Trough and eastern Dahomey Basin. This analysis involved a combination of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thin-section petrographic examination. Samples from the Igumale Formation of the southern Benue Trough and samples from Ewekoro Formation of the eastern Dahomey Basin were analyzed, offering insights into their mineral compositions, elemental distributions, and depositional environments. In each basin, two carbonate microfacies were identified. The two microfacies found in the Igumale Formation were recognized as micritic bioclastic packstone and sandy bioclastic wackestone. In the Ewekoro Formation, the two microfacies recognized were bioclastic packstone and sparitic peloidal wackestone. The X-ray diffraction analysis of samples from both basins revealed a dominance of calcite. X-ray fluorescence analysis showcased calcium oxide and calcium as the predominant oxide and elements in both basins with varying concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results unveiled the elemental composition with calcium and silicon emerging as major constituents. The photomicrographs suggest distinct depositional conditions for both samples with those from the Igumale Formation showing evidence of shallow marine and that of the Ewekoro Formation suggesting calm marine environments comprised of fined grained carbonate rocks containing fossils. This study has provided detailed understanding on the nature, microfacies types, mineralogical composition, depositional environment and diagenetic processes of Cretaceous-Paleocene carbonate rocks within the studied basins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".