Josephson diode effects in twisted nodal superconductors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent Josephson tunneling experiments on twisted flakes of high-${T}_{c}$ cuprate superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+x}$ revealed a nonreciprocal behavior of the critical interlayer Josephson current, i.e., a Josephson diode effect. Motivated by these findings we study theoretically the emergence of the Josephson diode effect in twisted interfaces between nodal superconductors, and highlight a strong dependence on the twist angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ and damping of the junction. In all cases, the theory predicts diode efficiency that vanishes exactly at $\ensuremath{\theta}={45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ and has a strong peak at a twist angle close to $\ensuremath{\theta}={45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, consistent with experimental observations. Near ${45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, the junction breaks time-reversal symmetry $\mathcal{T}$ spontaneously. We find that for underdamped junctions showing hysteretic behavior, this results in a dynamical Josephson diode effect in a part of the $\mathcal{T}$-broken phase. The direction of the diode is trainable in this case by sweeping the external current bias. This effect provides a sensitive probe of spontaneous $\mathcal{T}$ breaking. We then show that explicit $\mathcal{T}$-breaking perturbations with the symmetry of a magnetic field perpendicular to the junction plane lead to a thermodynamic diode effect that survives even in the overdamped limit. We discuss an experimental protocol to probe the double-well structure in the Josephson free energy that underlies the tendency towards spontaneous $\mathcal{T}$ breaking even if $\mathcal{T}$ is broken explicitly. Finally, we show that in-plane magnetic fields can control the diode effect in the short junction limit, and predict the signatures of explicit $\mathcal{T}$ breaking in Shapiro steps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".