Gill parasites of Schizocypris altidorsalis (Pisces: Cyprinidae), a threatened freshwater fish in Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context Schizocypris altidorsalis is a fish of very restricted distribution, with its populations being known only from few water reservoirs on the border of Iran and Afghanistan. Aims The aim was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of host-specific Monogenea on this fish. Methods In total, 400 fish were purchased from the market and examined for the presence of Monogenea. Specimens were characterised morphologically and genetically. Key results In total, 26.5% of fish were found to be infected with Monogenea. Further morphological and molecular studies based on the sequences of the 18S, 28S and ITS2 regions suggested that they all belong to a new species, herein named as Paradiplozoon jalalii. Our results suggest that this monogenean is a highly specific parasite of Schizocypris altidorsalis. Conclusions Monogeneans are highly specialised host-specific parasites infecting fish gill. They can adversely affect respiration and excretory functions in fish, making them more vulnerable to illness, leading to population declines. Implications Determining effective strategies for safeguarding endangered fish can be challenging in conflict zones, such as the area studied here. Additionally, the parasite identified in our study, with its blood-feeding habits, could contribute to the extinction of its fish host, subsequently leading to its own extinction. An unanswered question lingers regarding the potential extinction of other symbionts of Schizocypris altidorsalis if the fish faces extinction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".