Column Study to Assess the Mobility of Salinomycin in Soil Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: Salinomycin sodium (C42H69NaO11) is a polyether ionophore commonly used in poultry industries to prevent coccidial infections and promote growth. Salinomycin sodium (SAL-Na) has high toxicity and possesses the potential to induce fatality upon ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption; thus, it is crucial to evaluate its fate in the soil environment. The column study was conducted at laboratory condition to examine the behavior of the Salinomycin sodium and their mobility potential to move to the surface and ground waters in soils with sandy and loamy sand textures. Sample Location: Agricultural soils with no previous history of exposure to salinomycin were collected from the Macdonald Campus Farm of McGill University in Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. In the current study, two types of soils are assessed, i.e., HOM-sand and LOM-loamy sand. HOM-sand soil was a Dalhousie sandy soil with high organic matter (HOM-sand). Results: Soil column leaching experiments indicated that the SAL-Na was undetected in sandy and loamy sand soil leachate. This indicates that the amount added to each column was not leached off the soil fractions as it is strongly sorbed. Compared to sterile soil, nonsterile soil has more movement of SAL-Na. The leachate obtained from the soil column, which had a hydraulic conductivity of 75%, exhibited a greater concentration (0.48 mg/L) of SAL-Na when passed through a phosphate buffer. Additionally, the mobility of SAL-Na was shown to be higher in the nonsterile soil. About 35% of SAL-Na was found in leachate of sandy soil and 20% in loamy sand soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".