A Highly Flexible Passive/Active Discrete-Time Delta-Sigma Receiver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a fourth-order discrete-time direct RF-to-digital Delta-Sigma receiver architecture for flexible receivers with a wide frequency range. The use of a current-driven passive mixer with RF feedback enables high-Q bandpass filtering and relaxes the linearity requirement of the RF amplifier. In addition, the reconfigurable passive/active loop filter offers a good compromise between power consumption, linearity, and dynamic range. The other important feature of the proposed architecture is the use of a sampling frequency that is a divisor of the LO frequency. This solves several problems such as the upmixing of quantization noise, the need to reconfigure the Delta-Sigma loop when changing the LO frequency, and the use of two independent clocks for the LO and the sampling frequency. The circuit was implemented using 65 nm CMOS technology. The I/Q Direct Delta-Sigma receiver has an RF bandwidth of 20 MHz and a sampling frequency of 400 MHz. Measurement results show a very high dynamic range of up to 80 dB with a peak SNDR of 46 dB for a power consumption of 46 mW at 800 MHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".