Heteroleptic Cu(I) complex with vapochromism and its application as electrochromic material
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cu(I) complexes have garnered substantial attention in recent years because of their intriguing photophysical properties and their applications in different fields. Herein, we have reported a new four‐coordinated heteroleptic Cu(I) complex using dicnq, a 1,10‐phenanthroline‐based cyno‐substituted ligand, and Xantphos, a bulky as well as rigid chelating diphosphine ligand. The synthesized complex is characterized by multinuclear NMR and HRMS and described as [Cu (Xantphos)(dicnq)]PF 6 ( 1 ). Complex 1 exhibits absorption within the range of 380–500 nm and emits around 700 nm, attributed to the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transition. Theoretical calculations suggest that the HOMO is predominantly located on the Cu(I) center, whereas LUMO is associated with the dicnq ligand. Further, 1 was found to show vapochromic behavior and blue‐shifted emission was observed in the presence of solvent vapors which can show π–π interaction with dicnq. Notably, the complex demonstrates electrochromic activity, prompting the fabrication of a device (ITO/P3HT/Cu complex/ITO) for an in‐depth exploration of its electrochromic properties. The working potential range for the device was found to be ±3 V. On and Off states show the device has an impressive contrast ratio of ~40% and 38% at 520 and 800 nm, respectively. In addition to this, the device shows rapid coloration and bleaching times of 0.8 and 0.5 s, respectively. In terms of contrast, switching speed, stability, and efficiency values at two different wavelengths, the device shows good electrochromic results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".