Dataset: Characterizing Anti-Asian Rhetoric During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sentiment Analysis Case Study on Twitter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the dataset, trained model, and software companion for the paper titled: Characterizing Anti-Asian Rhetoric During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sentiment Analysis Case Study on Twitter accepted for the Workshop on Data for the Wellbeing of Most Vulnerable of the ICWSM 2022 conference. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a measurable increase in the usage of sinophobic comments or terms on online social media platforms. In the United States, Asian Americans have been primarily targeted by violence and hate speech stemming from negative sentiments about the origins of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. While most published research focuses on extracting these sentiments from social media data, it does not connect the specific news events during the pandemic with changes in negative sentiment on social media platforms. In this work we combine and enhance publicly available resources with our own manually annotated set of tweets to create machine learning classification models to characterize the sinophobic behavior. We then applied our classifier to a pre-filtered longitudinal dataset spanning two years of pandemic related tweets and overlay our findings with relevant news events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.044 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".