Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fuzzy Ecospace Modelling (FEM) is an R-based program for quantifying and comparing functional disparity, using a fuzzy set theory-based machine learning approach. FEM clusters n-dimensional matrices of functional traits (ecospace matrices – here called the Training Matrix) into functional groups and converts them into fuzzy functional groups using fuzzy discriminant analysis (Lin and Chen 2004 – see main text for more information). Following this, FEM classifies the functional entities from a second matrix (the Test Matrix) into the groups made using the Training Matrix, generating fuzzy membership values for each unit in the Test Matrix. These values are real numbers from 0 to 1, representing increasing degrees of “truth” regarding an organism’s membership in the fuzzy set (see main text). A value of 0 represents non-membership in the fuzzy set, and a value of 1 represents total membership in the fuzzy set. Values in between represent degrees of niche overlap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".