Frequency-Dependent Microelectrophoresis Study of Colloids with Tunable Surface Charge
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nonaqueous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloidal suspensions in a solvent that is simultaneously matched in both density and refractive index have been important for real-space studies of colloidal self-assembly, but their complex electrostatic character remains largely unexplored. Electrophoresis is a powerful tool for determining the surface potential and charge of the colloidal suspension; however, because of refractive index matching, standard electrophoresis measurements are not feasible. We carry out microscope-based microelectrophoresis measurements on PMMA colloids in cyclohexyl bromide and cis-trans decalin to measure particle charge as a function of salt concentration in both DC and frequency-variable AC fields. The colloid charge depends on salt concentration and reverses sign near 0.35 μM, providing evidence that solution ions are actively modifying the colloid surface. The frequency dependence of the electrophoretic mobility yields the characteristic time scale for electric double-layer polarization and provides intriguing evidence for Manning condensation and polyion formation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it