A Single-center Experience of Radiotherapy in Pediatric Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Chest Wall
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the treatment results, prognostic parameters, and treatment-related toxicity in patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the chest wall who underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT) in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: The data of 24 patients under 18 years of age with a histologic diagnosis of ES/PNET in the chest wall that received RT in our department between February 2003 and July 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. RT was applied to the primary site±whole involved chest wall and to the whole lung in patients with lung metastasis. RESULTS: The median age was 8.5 years (range: 1.5 to 17 y), 15 (63%) patients were female and 9 were male (37%). The tumor localization was extrathoracic in 18 (75%) and intrathoracic in 6 (25%) patients. Mediastinal lymph node and distant metastasis (DM) was present in 5 (21%) and 4 (16%) cases at diagnosis, respectively. The median follow-up after RT was 47 months (range: 11 to 162 mo). The 2-year and 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and pleural recurrence-free survival were 83% and 48%, 48% and 42%, 74% and 48%, and 61% and 52%, respectively. The overall local control rate was 83% and the pleural control rate was 67%. RT was well tolerated, with 1 case of grade 3 acute dermatitis and 1 case of grade 3 subacute radiation pneumonitis. Late toxicity was observed in 3 (13%) cases. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival can be achieved with extended-field RT even in patients with ES/PNET of the chest wall with DM. The low toxicity rates allow us to draw the conclusion that RT with modern techniques is an effective and safe treatment modality for these patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".