Isolation and identification of pigment-producing filamentous fungus DBFL05 and its pigment characteristics and chemical structure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural pigments derived from microorganisms have many advantages and are widely studied in the food industry. A filamentous fungus, DBFL05, was identified as Aspergillus ustus, which produces a bright and abundant brown pigment. This extracellular, water-soluble pigment is highly polar and slightly soluble in alcohol but insoluble in other organic solvents. The pigment is stable under sunlight, at pH 2–10, and below 100°C. However, it is sensitive to Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, and Cu2+. The pigment is mainly composed of two chemical components, pyrropyrazine diketone and dianthrone, and is classified as a polyketone pigment. Both components of the pigment exhibit inhibitory effects on bacteria and scavenging abilities for •OH and DPPH. The pigment showed no significant toxicity to plants and low toxicity to brine shrimp larvae. These findings indicate that the easily obtainable A. ustus pigment is a polyketone with attractive colour, stability, safety, and bioactivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.027 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".