Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in pregnancy with diagnosis of chorionic bump on first-trimester sonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the relationship between the presence of the sonographic finding of chorionic bump (CB) during first trimester and miscarriage rate or other perinatal outcomes. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Clinicaltrials.gov databases, from inception to April 8, 2021 were explored utilizing combinations of the relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms, key words, and word variants for “CB” and “pregnancy.” Prospective and retrospective case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. Odds ratios (ORs) comparing obstetrical outcomes among pregnancies with CB and normal pregnancies were determined with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random‐effects models. Primary outcome of interest was miscarriage rate. Secondary outcomes were: alive newborns (ANB) rate, adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and vaginal bleeding. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Five studies including 173 pregnant women with CB (study group) and 1,263 pregnant women without CB (control group) were included. Pregnancies affected by CB resulted to be associated with a significantly higher miscarriage rate (43.3% vs 20.7%; OR 2.95 95% CI 2.02–4.31, p < .00001), and conversely with a significantly lower rate of ANB (60.3% vs 82%; OR 0.35 95% CI 0.20–0.63, p = .0004). In addition, the risk of APO was around three-fold higher in the study group (52.2% vs 4.12%; OR 2.98 95% CI 1.04–8.51, p = .04), while the rate of vaginal bleeding was higher in the study group, without reaching a statistical significance (48% vs 16.4%; OR 2.21 95% CI 0.64–7.65 p = .21). The presence of CB at first trimester ultrasound significantly increases the risk of miscarriage and APO, and intact the rate of ANB. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Key message: The presence of CB on early first trimester ultrasound increases three-fold the risk of miscarriage and adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduces the rate of alive newborns. It is important to consider CB as an ultrasound marker that requires a close surveillance throughout pregnancy to prevent long-term complications and provide adequate counseling to the patient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.020 | 0.029 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".