Synchronisation behaviour between two candle flame oscillators with similar and dissimilar amplitudes of oscillations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interactions between a couple of flames often lead to their synchronisation. Flame–flame interaction has recently been linked with thermoacoustic instability in combustors. However, synchronisation caused by the interaction of coupled flames is still not fully understood. Furthermore, the interacting flame oscillators in practical situations often have a slight dissimilarity between them. Here, we systematically study the effects of such dissimilarity on the flame–flame interaction with a simple system consisting of two candle flame oscillators (CFO). The interaction is studied with CFOs having similar and dissimilar amplitudes of oscillations. The distance between the CFOs is parametrically varied. The results indicate that the synchronisation phenomena caused by flame–flame interaction have a complex dependence on the distance between the oscillators. Further, we find the flame–flame interaction to be significantly affected by the dissimilarity of the interacting oscillators. In-phase (IP) synchronisation occurs when the interacting oscillators are separated by a low distance and the oscillators have similar or moderately dissimilar amplitudes of oscillations. On the other hand, for large disparities in the amplitudes of oscillations, lag synchronisation (LS) is observed at a low distance between the CFOs. If the interacting oscillators have similar amplitudes of oscillations, the amplitude death (AD) regime persists throughout the operating range except at a low distance between the CFOs. In contrast, if the interacting oscillators have dissimilar amplitudes of oscillations, different rich dynamical states such as lag synchronisation and partial amplitude death are encountered in addition to amplitude death as the distance between the oscillators is varied. This study might be useful to understand synchronisation due to flame–flame interaction in modern multi-burner turbulent combustors where the constituent burners often have inherent dissimilarities.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it