Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marta Kowal1*, Piotr Sorokowski1, Agnieszka Sorokowska1, Małgorzata Dobrowolska2, Katarzyna Pisanski1, Anna Oleszkiewicz1, 51, Toivo Aavik3, Grace Akello5, Charlotte Alm6, Naumana Amjad7, Afifa Anjum7, Kelly Asao8, Chiemezie S. Atama9, Derya Atamtürk Duyar10, Richard Ayebare11, Mons Bendixen12, Aicha Bensafia15, Boris Bizumic14, Mahmoud Boussena15, David M. Buss8, Marina Butovskaya16, Seda Can17, Katarzyna Cantarero18, Antonin Carrier19, Hakan Cetinkaya17, Daniel Conroy-Beam20, Marco A. Correa Varella21, Rosa M. Cueto22, Marcin Czub1, Daria Dronova16, Seda Dural17, Izzet Duyar10, Berna Ertugrul10, Agustín Espinosa22, Ignacio Estevan23, Carla S. Esteves24, Tomasz Frąckowiak1, Jorge C. Graduño25, Farida Guemaz13, Mária Haľamová26, Marina Horvat27, Ivana Hromatko28, Chin-Ming Hui29, Herak Iskra19, Jas L. Jaafar30, Feng Jiang31, Konstantinos Kafetsios32, Tina Kavcic33, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair12, Nicolas Kervyn19, Nils C. Köbis34, András Láng36, Georgina R. Lennard14, Ernesto León22, Torun Lindholm6, Giulia Lopez37, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba38, Alvaro Mailhos23, Zoi Manesi34, Rocio Martinez39, Sarah L. McKerchar14, Norbert Meskó36, Girishwar Misra40, Hoang Moc Lan41, Conal Monaghan14, Emanuel C. Mora42, Alba Moya-Garofano39, Bojan Musil27, Jean C. Natividade43, George Nizharadze44, Elisabeth Oberzaucher45, Mohd S. Omar Fauzee46, Ernest Onyishi9, Baris Özener10, Ariela F. Pagani37, Vilmante Pakalniskiene47, Miriam Parise37, Farid Pazhoohi48, Mariia Perun49, Annette Pisanski42, 50, Camelia Popa21, Pavol Prokop52, 53, Muhammad Rizwan54, Mario Sainz4, Svjetlana Salkičević28, Ruta Sargautyte47, Ivan Sarmany-Schuller26, Susanne Schmehl45, Oksana Senyk49, Rizwana Shaikh55, Shivantika Sharad56, Franco Simonetti57, Meri Tadinac28, Truong Thi Khanh Ha41, Trinh Thi Linh41, Karina Ugalde González58, Olga Uhryn59, Nguyen Van Luot41, Christin- Melanie Vauclair24, Luis D. Vega Araya58, Gyesook Yoo60, Stanislava Yordanova Stoyanova61, Zainab F. Zadeh62, Marta Zaťková26, Maja Zupančič35.<br>1University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.2Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.3University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.4School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.5Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.6Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.7University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.8University of Texas at Austin, Austin, U.S.A.9University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.10Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.11THETA Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.12Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.13University Setif2, Algeria.14Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.15University Algiers2, Algeria.16Institute of ethnology and anthropology, Moscow, Russia.17Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey.18SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland.19Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.20University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, U.S.A.21University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.22Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Perú.23University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. 24Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.25National Autonomous University of Mexico, ENES, Morelia, Mexico.26Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.27University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.28University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.29Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.30University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.31Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China.32University of Crete, Crete, Greece.33University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.34University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands35University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.36University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.37Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.38Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.39University of Granada, Grenada, Spain.40University of Delhi, Delhi, India.41University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam.42University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.43Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.44Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia45University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.46University Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia.47Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.48University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. 49Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine.50University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada51Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany.52Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.53Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.54COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.55Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.56Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.57Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.58Latin University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.59Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Ukraine.60Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.61South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.62Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan.<br>* Correspondence: Marta Kowal marta.kowal2@uwr.edu.pl
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.573 | 0.518 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".