How does politicisation affect the ratification of mixed EU trade agreements? The case of CETA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines how politicization has affected the ratification of the EU–Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) in EU member states. The study is based on the conceptual framework of discursive postfunctionalism. This approach builds on postfunctionalist arguments about the constraining impact of politicization on national governments’ EU-related policy making, but seeks to specify them further by examining mediating factors between political contestation and decisions of national policy makers. We test the explanatory power of discursive postfunctionalism by combining a comparative overview of CETA-related politicization and ratification patterns in all EU member states with in-depth case studies of five states that have seen particularly intense public contestation. Our research shows that politicization does not necessarily prevent the ratification of CETA; rather, its effects on policy making are mitigated by institutional provisions on the involvement of domestic institutions, the composition of government coalitions, and the discursive strategies of national governments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".