Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) among Saudi medical students: a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The studys objective was to assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) in medical university students in Saudi Arabia. This research employed a cross-sectional design. The TEQ was translated into Arabic by two bilingual translators using forward and back translation methods. A pilot study was performed, and the final survey data was analyzed using SPSS. The study included 211 participants, primarily female (80.6%), with five different age groups, of which 21–22 year-olds comprised 34.6%. The Arabic version of the TEQ was found to be valid (p < .005) except for item 11 (p = .427). The Cronbach coefficient was .677. There were no significant differences between the TEQ scores and the sociodemographic characters. Medical students in our study exhibited an average degree of empathy. Further multicenter research is recommended to generalize the findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".