Bibliographic record
Abstract
NUMBERS 4-5Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler . . .-from "The Road Not Taken," by Robert Frost HOW SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT?T he question is whether Canada and the United States are converging or diverging in important respects concerning societ y and economy.In Canada, a presumption may exist that long after having completed its gradual shift away from "the Empire" and British values and customs, Canada now is veering toward a more "American" way of doing things.In the United States, the opposite view is likely to hold-namely, that although set against a world scale of national comparison, Americans per-ceive Canadians to be quite similar to themselves in preferences, appearance, and behaviour, but they do not observe or expect additional convergence.Ascertaining whether Canada and the United States are converging or diverging appears a quite simple exercise.Obser ve whether the U.S. and Canadian economies, or social policies, or political institutions are becoming more similar.Plenty of casual evidence exists FEATURES Convergence or divergence?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".