Effects of Repetitive Fast Transients on Aging of Transformer Insulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wind-turbine step-up transformers are subjected to high-frequency high dV/dt transient voltages due to the operation of power electronic converters and vacuum circuit breakers. These high-frequency transients are harmful to the transformer turn-to-turn and layer-to-layer paper-oil insulation. The current research work addresses the effect of the transient voltage parameters on the degradation of the transformer paper-oil insulation. Two-level, two-factor design of experiments were used to obtain the effect of transient voltage parameters on the ageing of the paper-oil insulation. Rise time and switching frequency were the two factors (parameters) selected for the ageing experiments. The two values of rise time were 220 ns and 650 ns, and two values of the switching frequency were 1 kHz and 3 kHz. The faster rise time (220 ns) and higher switching frequency (3 kHz) of the voltage led to a higher degradation for the paper-oil insulation. Additionally, the transient voltage ageing of paper-oil insulation is investigated and compared for two types of mineral oils: Luminol™ TRi oil and VoltessoTM35 oil, that have differences in their electrical and chemical properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".