First report of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> genotype US17 causing late blight on potato and tomato in British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potato and tomato are grown in all Canadian provinces and contribute billions of dollars in exports and sales. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a destructive disease of potato and tomato worldwide and is responsible for millions of dollars in losses annually. Changes in pathogen strains were reported to be associated with late blight epidemics in several regions and pose challenges to late blight management. In British Columbia (BC), diverse strains of P. infestans were reported. Using multiplex microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, we identified the new genotype US17 of P. infestans from samples of potato and tomato with late blight in BC. All isolates were of the A1 mating type. One, five, and one isolates were sensitive, moderately resistant, and highly resistant to metalaxyl-m, respectively. This is the first report of the occurrence of the US17 genotype in BC and Canada. The US17 strain was also able to cause tuber rot and foliar blight symptoms in potato in pathogen-inoculated assays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".