Improving the Seismic Stability of Concentrically Braced Steel Frames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An analytical study was performed to examine the seismic stability of multi-story concentrically braced steel frames. The building height was varied from 4 to 16 stories and three braced frame systems were studied: conventional braced frames, buckling-restrained braced frames, and dual buckling-restrained braced frames. All structures were designed according to Canadian seismic provisions. Different force modification factors were used and both the equivalent static load procedure and the modal response spectrum analysis were considered in design. P-delta effects were accounted for in the design of some of the buildings. The performance of the various structures is evaluated and compared by means of incremental dynamic analysis. The results show that the potential for instability for conventional braced frames is higher for taller structures or when the design loads are reduced. Tall buckling-restrained braced frames were also found to be prone to dynamic instability. Dual buckling-restrained braced frames exhibit a more robust response and represent a promising solution for tall braced steel frames.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".