Capability flows and technological diversification within multi-locational firms in Europe
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the sources of capabilities influencing technological diversification in multi-locational firms in Europe. Using European patent records and firm ownership and geographical information, 686 firms with patenting activities across different locations are analysed. Three main capability sources are identified: individual establishments, their locations, and other units of the parent firm. Findings underscore the primary role of the establishment’s accumulated capabilities, with location-based capabilities and other units of the firm also having a positive and significant impact. However, the influence of each capability source varies with the technology’s novelty. Separating domestic from between-country intra-firm flows further reveals that domestic flows exert a stronger influence in shaping technological diversification. This paper overall enriches our understanding of capability sources in the development of new technologies in the particular case of multi-locational firms, further extending the existing body of work by looking at these dynamics within the European context.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it