A Modified Kirchhoff Migration for Microwave Imaging in Superluminal Propagation Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microwave imaging has been developed recently and is used in many applications. Kirchhoff’s migration technique is one of the most popular methods to recover the geometric info of any inaccessible target from raw data. The conventional Kirchhoff’s migration assumes a uniform propagation velocity in the far-field region of the transceiver, i.e., the antenna. In the near-field region of the antenna, the pulse propagation happens at a significantly greater speed compared to the far-field region. The propagation speed of the pulse depends on the antenna dimensions and varies as a function of the distance and angle of the antenna in a non-linear manner. This non-linearity causes non-focused images. In this work, a modified Kirchhoff’s migration method is proposed to take into account the non-uniformity of the propagation speed. Then, the proposed method is verified through several simulations and experiments and it is shown that the modified Kirchhoff’s migration results in focused images in the near-field region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".