Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two solitudes: this image characterizes well the reaction in English Canada to the Act Respecting the Laicity of the State (Bill 21) adopted by the Quebec government in 2019.Since Lucia Ferretti perceptively analyzes that response in the pages that follow, my aim here is to ask: What are the solitudes at play?The expression refers, of course, to the title of Hugh MacLennan's novel, which was frst published in 1945.Shaken by the hostility stirred up between Canada's two major linguistic communities by the issue of conscription during the Second World War, the author bemoans the virtual lack of contact and communication historically marking this relationship, a situation persisting to this day.MacLennan evokes the prospect of encounter and dialogue through the character of Paul Taillard, the son of a French Canadian father and an Irish Protestant mother, who is more open to modernity than his compatriots.We cannot fault MacLennan for depicting Quebec as a backward, Catholic Church-dominated, agrarian society suspicious of change and defantly proud of its large families.Such a view, now discredited by historians in the wake of the Quiet Revolution, was common currency at the time, even in academic circles, as US sociologist E.C. Hughes's study French Canada in Transition, published just three years earlier, well illustrates.We can criticize, however, the author's failure
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.644 | 0.592 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".