Bayesian Exponential Regularized Tensor Based Approach for Sparse Geomagnetic Data Completion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geomagnetic data is vital for predicting earthquakes and magnetic storms. In this regard, a new Bayesian exponential regularized tensor completion framework for sparse geomagnetic data, i.e. BERTC, is proposed to address this problem in the study. First, the spatiotemporal geomagnetic data is reshaped into a 3D tensor with days and hours that features random missing elements. Second, a Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed to achieve probabilistic inference on matrices' factors and corresponding parameters in this model. Thus, the sparse tensor can be gradually optimized to fill the missing entries during iterations. Third, an exponential regularizer is proposed to reduce oscillations before and after iterations to enhance imputation quality further. Finally, the derived factor matrices are aggregated from Gibbs sampling to complete the sparse tensor. Numerical geomagnetic datasets from 13 cities are employed, and extensive comparison experiments are conducted to evaluate the imputation performance of the BERTC. The results show the superiority of the proposed BERTC compared to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of imputation accuracy, with an approximate improvement of the imputation accuracy as no less than 20%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".